副词
基本概念
修饰对象
- 通常修饰动词，形容词；
- 少数情况修饰名词，副词；
副词位置
- 放置于修饰词的前面或后面；
- 若放置模棱两可情况，一般放置于修饰词前；
- 特殊情况；
- 分离副词放置于句首；
- 地方副词和时间副词修饰名词放置于名词后，修饰动词放置于句尾；
副词的种类
方法状态的副词
- 修饰动词的副词；
- 放置于动词的前面或后面；
// furiously 修饰 barked (动词)
The dog barked furiously at the mailman.
// openly 不知道修饰的是 harassed 还是 sitting
He harassed the girl sitting at the counter openly.
// openly 直接放置于 harassed 前面
He openly harassed the girl sitting at the counter.
频率副词
频率副词
- 修饰动作发生的频率；
- 一般放置于动词前，be 动词和助动词后；
I usually get up very early.
常见频率副词
| always | seldom |
| frequently | hardly |
| usually | never |
| often |
表示范围的副词
- 几乎可以修饰所有词类；
// only 修饰 john
Only John saw the boss yesterday.
// only 修饰 saw
John only saw the boss yesterday.
// only 修饰 boss
John saw only the boss yesterday.
// only 修饰 yesterday
John saw the boss only yesterday.
加强语气的副词
- 用于加强语气；
- 移除其不改变句意；
- 几乎可以修饰所有词类；
// extremely 修饰 difficult
The test is extremely difficult.
// badly 修饰 needs
Your hair badly needs cutting.
// amazingly 修饰 fast
Time passed amazingly fast.
// absolutely 修饰 genius, 移除其不改变句意
You are absolutely a genius!
You are genius!
程度副词
- 用于表示程度；
- 移除其大概率改变句意；
- 几乎可以修饰所有词类；
// quite 修饰 man
Your son is quite a man now.
// barely 修饰 know
I barely know John.
// rather 修饰 well
He plays the piano rather well.
// fairly 修饰 long
That is a fairly long story.
// almost 修饰 failed, 移除改变句意
The plan almost failed.
The plan failed.
连接副词
- 表示从句间的逻辑关系；
- 但不能连接两个从句，需要借助 ，；
However, projections for the next fiscal year are not very optimistic.
分离副词
- 修饰全句的副词。
Theoretically, your proposal might work.
介副词
- 看起来像介词；
- 但后不接动词，作为副词使用；
Were you in last night?
Time is up.
Don' t look down.
He came over to talk to you.
时间副词和地方副词
- 修饰名词或动词；
- 修饰名词一般放置于名词后；
- 修饰动词一般放置于句尾，地方副词在前，时间副词；
// 修饰名词
The final game tomorrow is going to be exciting.
All the people here are your friends.
// 修饰动词
He had an accident there yesterday.