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语气

陈述语气

  • 陈述事实的语气;
  • 动词使用正常时态,不使用情态动词;
// 过去和现在已经发生, 容易辨别真伪, 直接使用陈述语气
Many years ago Bill Gates quit college to start his own company.
By now he has built that company into the largest of its kind.
// 未来式尚未发生, 需要使用明确的语气, 避免情态动词的使用
// 不使用 will, 使用 be going to, be to do, be doing, do
In the future he is going to devote most of his time to charity.

条件语气

  • 表示不确定的语气;
  • 情态动词 + 动词原形;
Students should study every day.

假设语气

假设语气

  • 表示假设,非事实,说反话;
  • 动词使用当前时态的过去式;

现在时间

现在时间
  • 动词使用过去式;
主句+条件从句
  • 主句使用情态动词 + 动词原形;
    • would/should/could/might;
  • 条件从句使用过去式;
If I were you, I would accept the offer.
I should like to give it a try, if I knew how.
Suppose you had three wishes, what would you wish for?

过去时间

过去时间
  • 动词使用过去完成时;
主句+条件从句
  • 主句使用情态动词+ have done;
    • would/should/could/might;
  • 条件从句使用 had done;
If the landslide had occurred a few seconds later, the bus could have passed through safely.
The accident could have been prevented if the driver had been more careful.

未来时间

未来时间
  • 未来尚未确定,一般为条件语气,使用 will;
The weatherman says it will rain tomorrow.
未来时间的陈述语气
  • 如果一件事未来极可能发生,在 if 条件从句或 when 时间从句中可以表示已经发生;
  • 因此可以使用陈述语气,故不能使用情态动词,使用动词原型;
// when 引导的时间从句
When you graduate, there will be several jobs waiting for you.
// if 引导的条件从句
If you graduate without trouble, I' ll buy you a new car.
未来时间的假设语气
  • 主句使用情态动词 + do;
    • would/should/might/could;
  • 从句使用 were to do;
If I were to tell the truth to my boyfriend, he would kill me!
If he were to graduate on schedule, you could call me blind.
介于假设语气和条件语气
  • 主句使用情态动词 + do;
    • will/can:可能发生,为条件语气;
    • would/could:不可能发生,为假设语气;
  • 从句使用 should + do;
If the man should prove innocent, I will apologize openly.
If an asteroid should strike Earth in an hour, humans could become extinct in a short time.

混杂时间和语气

混杂时间
// 从句使用 had done 表示过去的过去;
// 主句使用 might do 表示过去
If I had m​​arried much younger, I might have my own grandchildren now.
混杂语气
// 主句使用 should have ignored 表示过去时间的假设语气
// 从句使用 was 表示过去时间的陈述语气;
I should have ignored the insult then, only that I was too angry.

命令语气 (祈使句)

直接命令句

直接命令句
  • 省略主语 you;
  • 直接使用动词原形;
Watch your step!
命令语气和条件语气的不同
// may come in 表示你应该进来, 一种责任或义务
// come in 表示你必须进来, 对你的一个命令
You may come in. Come in!

间接命令句

间接命令句
  • 不省略主语;
  • 动词使用原型 (无人称时态变化);
  • 通常出现在 that 引导的名词从句中;
// 保证信件一定在中午前发送
I insist that the letter be sent out before noon.
// 信件已经在中午前发送了
I insist that the letter was sent out before noon.

// suggests 表示希望成真, 具有命令的语气
// player 使用原型表示间接命令句
The coach suggests that the player stay at school.

// demanded 表示希望成真, 具有命令的语气
// work 使用原型表示间接命令句
The boss demanded that everybody work overtime.