跳到主要内容

语态

基础​

表现形式​

  • be done；
  • be 作为动词；
  • done 作为形容词补语，使用过去分词形式表示被动；

被动态的限制​

连贯性​
  • 修改被动态后保持连贯性；
// 前后从句主语不一致, 不推荐使用被动态
The chairman is not available now because a meeting is being presided over by him.
// 主动态更好
The chairman is not available now because he is presiding over a meeting.
清楚性​
// 改为被动态后句意更加清楚, 不使用 someone, they 这种含糊不清的主语
Someone stole my wallet.
My wallet was stolen.
简洁性​
// 使用被动态使从句主语一致, 进而简化
Because the nurse told him to wait outside, the man found a chair and sat down.
Because he was told to wait outside, the man found a chair and sat down.
Told to wait outside, the man found a chair and sat down.

基本结构​

S + V + O​

被动​
  • O 作主语，V 使用被动；
  • S 可以放在 by 后作为宾语；
  • 其余照抄；
The US invaded Iraq twice.
Iraq was invaded twice (by the US).

S + V + O + O​

被动​
  • O 作主语，V 使用被动；
  • S 可以放在 by 后作为宾语；
  • 其余照抄；
Congress gave Bush permission to launch war.
Bush was given permission to launch war (by Congress)
Permission was given Bush to launch war (by Congress)

S + V + O + C​

被动​
  • O 作主语，V 使用被动；
  • S 可以放在 by 后作为宾语；
  • 其余照抄；
The two invasions made the US an enemy to many Arabians.
The US was made an enemy to many Arabians by the two invasions.

被动的语态​

完成时的被动态​

表现形式​
  • have/had been done；
  • have/had been 作为动词；
  • done 作为形容词补语，使用过去分词形式表示被动；
被动​
  • 同基本句型；
No one has ever sat on that chair since he died.
That chair has never been sat on since he died.

一般时的被动态​

表现形式​
  • be/been being done / be done；
  • be/been being 作为动词；
  • done 作为形容词补语，使用过去分词形式表示被动；
被动​
  • 同基本句型；
They are debating the case in court.
The case is being debated in court.