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介词

基础​

介词​
  • 放置于名词前；
  • 与名词 (宾语) 构成一个介词短语；
位置​
  • 通常放置于名词后，作为后位修饰语；

普通名词抽象化​

// bus 抽象为公交方式
I think I' ll go by bus.
// bed 抽象为上床睡觉
He usually goes to bed before 11:00.

介词和短语动词​

短语动词​
  • 动词 + 介副词；
  • 作为一个动词看待；
// on the couch 为介词短语
The man slept on the couch.
// turn on 为短语动词
The man turned on the light.
及物动词作短语动词​
  • 必须存在宾语；
// 短语动词不可以拆开
Henry takes after his father.
// 短语动词可以拆开
I' m going to turn down his offer.
不及物动词作短语动词​
  • 不需要宾语；
How did this all come about?
三个字的短语动词​
  • 动词 + 介副词 + 介词；
  • 不可拆开；
  • 必须存在宾语；
John hurt his leg and had to drop out of the race.

空间介词​

点​
// at
The sniper is aiming at the kidnapper.
线​
// on
The student memorized 10 new words on his way to school.
// along
There are many beautiful villas along the beach.
面​
// on
There' s a picture hanging on the wall.
体​
// in
I like to stay in my office.

时间介词​

at​
// 表示非常短的时间, 一个时间点
I' ll meet you at six o' clock.
in​
// 表示一段时间, 时间段
I do most of my work in the morning.
on​
// 表示那一天, 如星期, 日期, 节日等
The accident happened on the morning of June 20.

其他介词​

apart from​
// 除了...之外就没了
We had no trouble on the way apart from(= except for) a flat tire.
// 除了...之外还有
Apart from(= in addition to) a flat tire, we also ran out of gas.
as for​
// 至于
As for your friend, he has behaved very badly.
for​
// 为了 ...
This document is for your information only.
// 以 ... 的价钱
I bought the book for 200 dollars.
// 支援 ...
Are you for the tax cut?
of​
// ... 的
I think of you often.
at​
// 以 ... 的速度/价钱
The car was going at 90 km per hour.
but​
// 除了 ...
No one but(= except) a fool would accept a challenge like that.
in​
// 以 ... 的表达方式
How do you say that in English?
up to​
// 由 ... 决定
It' s not up to me to decide.
// 可以胜任
I' m not up to this job.
// 从事 ...
Do you know what Tom has been up to recently?
between/among​
// between 表示两者之间, between 具有标识位置的作用
The Rhine flows between France and Germany.
// among 表示三者及以上之间, among 无标识位置的作用
Among the major cities in the world, Shanghai is probably developing most rapidly.
// between 可以表示三者及以上之间, 强调其位置
Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria, and Italy.
except/except for​
// 除了 ...
// 两者基本等效, 句首只能用 except for
You can all go except George. You can all go except for George. Except for George, you can all go.
on/about​
// 关于 ...
He has written a book on the temples of the Upper Nile.
He' s talking about his childhood.
over​
// 关于 ..., 用于争议的话题
They're arguing over their share of the property.
through​
// 经由 ... (手段或路径)
He achieved fame through sheer hard work.